Esearchers reveal opportunities for the use

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Even with around 87% of its energy matrix coming from renewable sources, Brazil still has great capacity to expand thesesources.

Given the expansion of new renewable energy sources on the national and international scene , Green Hydrogen has been gaining ground and expanding vp r&d email database its possibilities. In the context of the decarbonization of the planet in a search for greater sustainability, it can be used as a source of clean energy, being a possible solution to reduce carbon dioxide emissions on the planet, extracted from clean and renewable sources.

According to FGV Energia researchers Gláucia Fernandes, Matheus Ayello, João Henrique de Azevedo and Felipe Gonçalves, Brazil has the potential to be one of the largest producers of green hydrogen in the world due to its natural advantages associated with a predominantly renewable electricity matrix.

Internally, hydrogen has potential for application in various industrial sectors, from food to fertilizers, and can also be used as a substitute for fuels that have a high carbon intensity. In addition, it can be used as an energy vector, accumulating renewable energy in periods of high production and low demand for electricity.

Competitiveness
For green hydrogen to be more competitive, it is of utmost importance to reduce the cost of renewable sources, since electricity accounts for 80% of CAPEX. As the country has one of the most expensive energy tariffs (CAMARGO, 2022), it is therefore essential to consider business models for contracting energy so that the source used does not exceed US$25/MW (CHIAPPINI, 2022). Furthermore, in Brazil, the energy source used is tracked by contracts, favoring business models for the production of green hydrogen.

There is also a trend towards using electrical energy from offshore wind energy for the production of green hydrogen. This arrangement could provide a major competitive advantage for Brazil. If all of Brazil's expected offshore wind production is destined for H2V production, Brazil could supply up to 40% of European energy demand by 2040, a share currently supplied by Russia (FIERN, 2022).

Water use
Water use is an important issue when talking about green hydrogen, as a considerable amount of water must be considered in the production process. In addition to seawater, it is possible to consider the reuse of polluted aquifers. Water that is unfit for human consumption can be used to produce H2V and, by collecting this water, the source ends up being renewed, as the polluted water is removed. This scenario can be explored in Brazil.

The country has great potential to stand out in this market, given its competitive advantages. Therefore, strategic guidance is needed to develop a hydrogen economy in harmony with other sources in the energy matrix. Resolutions No. 2 and No. 6 of the National Energy Policy Council (CNPE) and Bill 725/22, authored by Senator Jean Paul Prates (PT/RN), are important milestones in this process.